2024 Integro differential equation calculator

Volterra-Fredholm integral and integro-differential equations which is a simple and powerful method for solving a wide class of nonlinear problems [24]. The Taylor polynomial solution of integro-differential equations has been studied in [28]. The use of Lagrange interpolation in solving integro-differential equations was investigated by .... Megan davies beachbody new program

This concept can be used not only to calculate bankruptcy in its entirety, but also can be used to predict the loss of an insurance program at a certain time. The value of the probability function of bankruptcy risk is determined by using a mathematical model developed based on the concept of integro-differential equations, which is used as a …Abstract. Many mathematical models of complex processes may be posed as integro-differential equations (IDE). Many numerical methods have been proposed for solving those equations, but most of them are ad hoc thus new equations have to be solved from scratch for translating the IDE into the framework of the specific method chosen.Then I want to solve the integro-differential equation given. The functional dependence may be very messy, so solving it with the Laplace-transform is not my first choice (I would need the inverse Laplace-transform at some point, and that may be difficult because of many roots of the function).In this paper, the problem of approximate controllability for non-linear impulsive fractional integro-differential equation with state-dependent delay in Hilbert spaces is investigated. We study the approximate controllability for non-linear impulsive integro-differential systems under the assumption that the corresponding linear control …Advanced Math Solutions – Ordinary Differential Equations Calculator, Exact Differential Equations. In the previous posts, we have covered three types of ordinary differential equations, (ODE). We have now reached... Enter a problem. Cooking Calculators.Jun 28, 2022 · Neural Integro-Differential Equations. Modeling continuous dynamical systems from discretely sampled observations is a fundamental problem in data science. Often, such dynamics are the result of non-local processes that present an integral over time. As such, these systems are modeled with Integro-Differential Equations (IDEs); generalizations ... IDESolver: a general purpose integro-differential equation solver. J. Karpel. Engineering, Computer Science. J. Open Source Softw. 2018. IDESolver provides a general-purpose numerical integro-differential equation (IDE) solver based on an iterative algorithm devised by Gelmi and Jorquera (Gelmi and Jorquera 2014).The basic equation for calculating population growth multiplies the population size by the per capita growth rate, which is calculated by subtracting the per capita death rate from...In this work, we consider a Volterra integro-differential equation involving Caputo fractional derivative of order $$ \alpha \in (0,1). $$ To approximate the solution, we propose two finite difference schemes that use L1 and L1-2 discretization to approximate the differential part and a composite trapezoidal rule to approximate an integral part.Solve an integro-differential equation. In[1]:= eqn = Derivative[1][y][x] == 1 + Sin[a x] + \!$ \*SubsuperscriptBox[\(\[Integral]$, $0$, $x$]$y[ t] \[DifferentialD]t$\);Fairweather, G.: Spline collocation methods for a class of hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 31, 444–460 (1994) Article MathSciNet Google Scholar López-Marcos, J.: A difference scheme for a nonlinear partial integro-differential equation. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 27, 20–31 (1990)Simple Quantum Integro-Differential Solver (SQuIDS) is a C++ code designed to solve semi-analytically the evolution of a set of density matrices and scalar functions. This is done efficiently by expressing all operators in an SU (N) basis. SQuIDS provides a base class from which users can derive new classes to include new non-trivial terms from ...In this paper, a Jacobi-collocation spectral method is developed for a Volterraintegro-differential equation with delay, which contains a weakly singular kernel. We use a function transformation and a variable transformation to change the equation into a new Volterra integral equation defined on the standard interval [−1, 1], so that the …The aim of this paper is to obtain the numerical solutions of fractional Volterra integro-differential equations by the Jacobi spectral collocation method using the Jacobi-Gauss collocation points. We convert the fractional order integro-differential equation into integral equation by fractional order integral, and transfer the integro equations into a … the fractional and differential equations types. Also, as an application of the proposed method, it will be applied to systems of nonlinear Volterra and Fredholm integro-differential equations to demonstrate the effi-ciency of the method together with some comparison illustrations. 2. ADMforsystemofnonlinear integro-differentialequations IDESolver is a general-purpose numerical integro-differential equation solver created by Josh Karpel. Its latest version allows the user to solve multidimensional, coupled IDEs. From the examples provided, an IDE like. with analytical solution (sin x, cos x), can be solved using the following piece of code:To get a quick sale, it is essential to differentiate your home from others on the market. But you don't have to break the bank to improve your home's… In order to get a quick sale...In Section 2, we recall basic properties of positive def- ite kernels as well as the definition of the resolvent for the linear equation associated with (1.1). ction 3 is devoted to the well-posedness of (1.1) and Section 4 to exponential decay. In Section 5, e compare our results with those obtained in [1] and [30] and discuss several examples ...Free equations calculator - solve linear, quadratic, polynomial, radical, exponential and logarithmic equations with all the steps. Type in any equation to get the solution, steps …The LORICRIN gene is part of a cluster of genes on chromosome 1 called the epidermal differentiation complex. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. The LORICRIN gene...differential equation solver. Have a question about using Wolfram|Alpha? Contact Pro Premium Expert Support ». Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history, geography, engineering, mathematics, linguistics, sports, finance ...This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for periodic boundary value problems for impulsive fractional integro-differential equations using a recent novel concept of conformable fractional derivative. We give a new definition of exponential notations and impulsive integrals for constructing the Green function and a comparison …Tutorial: How to solve complex Integro-Differential equationsCheck out more IIT JEE Integrals: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzzqBYg7CbNqi-np1YDPBAg...The Derivative Calculator lets you calculate derivatives of functions online — for free! Our calculator allows you to check your solutions to calculus exercises. It helps you practice by showing you the full working (step by step differentiation). The Derivative Calculator supports computing first, second, …, fifth derivatives as well as ...Second-order Volterra integro-differential equation is solved by the linear barycentric rational collocation method. Following the barycentric interpolation method of Lagrange polynomial and Chebyshev polynomial, the matrix form of the collocation method is obtained from the discrete Volterra integro-differential equation. With the help of the …1. Analog simulator of integro-differential equations with classical memristors. G. Alvarado Barrios, J. C. Retamal, E. Solano, and M. Sanz. Abstract—An analog computer makes use of continuously changeable quantities of a system, such as its electrical, mechani- cal, or hydraulic properties, to solve a given problem.acoth. asech. acsch. . . Here, we show you a step-by-step solved example of homogeneous differential equation. This solution was automatically generated by our smart calculator: \left (x-y\right)dx+xdy=0 (x y)dx xdy 0. We can identify that the differential equation \left (x-y\right)dx+x\cdot dy=0 (x−y)dx+x⋅dy = 0 is homogeneous, since it is ...Electric Analog Computer. To simulate a linear ordinary differential equation, the analog computer only requires the following operations: (i) summation, (ii) sign inversion, (iii) integration and ...More than just an online integral solver. Wolfram|Alpha is a great tool for calculating antiderivatives and definite integrals, double and triple integrals, and improper integrals. The Wolfram|Alpha Integral …7.1 Introduction. Fractional calculus is a generalization of the classical differentiation and integration of non-integer order. Fractional calculus is as old as differential calculus. Fractional differential and integral equations have applications in many fields including engineering, science, finance, applied mathematics, bio …Solve an integro-differential equation. In[1]:= eqn = Derivative[1][y][x] == 1 + Sin[a x] + \!$ \*SubsuperscriptBox[\(\[Integral]$, $0$, $x$]$y[ t] \[DifferentialD]t$\);Step-by-step solutions for differential equations: separable equations, first-order linear equations, first-order exact equations, Bernoulli equations, first-order substitutions, Chini-type equations, general first-order equations, second-order constant-coefficient linear equations, reduction of order, Euler-Cauchy equations, general second-order equations, higher-order equations.Examples for. Differential Equations. A differential equation is an equation involving a function and its derivatives. It can be referred to as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) or a partial differential equation (PDE) depending on …More than just an online integral solver. Wolfram|Alpha is a great tool for calculating antiderivatives and definite integrals, double and triple integrals, and improper integrals. The Wolfram|Alpha Integral …Successful investors choose rules over emotion. Rules help investors make the best decisions when investing. Markets go up and down, people make some money, and they lose some mone...Find the solutions of equations with ease using this free step-by-step math calculator. Solve for x x. Determine the value (s) of x x that make (s) a given equation true. Solve Inequality or System of Inequalities. Solve a single inequality or a system of inequalities. Solve Quadratic / Quartic Equation.Whether it's youthful idealism or plain-old ambition, millennial and Gen Z workers have lofty salary expectations. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotio...In this paper, we extend fractional-order derivative for the shifted Vieta-Lucas polynomial to generalized-fractional integro-differential equations involving non-local boundary conditions using ...Free derivative calculator - differentiate functions with all the steps. Type in any function derivative to get the solution, steps and graphAny Fredholm integro-differential equation is characterized by the existence of one or more of the derivatives u′, (x), u″ (x), outside the integral sign. The Fredholm integro-differential equations of the second kind appear in a variety of scientific applications such as the theory of signal processing and neural networks [1–3]. This integro-differential equation can be derived starting from the time harmonic electric field given by the magnetic potential and the electric scalar potential φ, i.e., (4.8) The vector and magnetic potentials are coupled through the previously defined Lorentz gauge: (4.9) How to deal with an integro-differential equation of this form - fixed points? 1. Solving a volterra integro-differential equation. 7.Aug 6, 2019 · Tutorial: How to solve complex Integro-Differential equationsCheck out more IIT JEE Integrals: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzzqBYg7CbNqi-np1YDPBAg... Tutorial: How to solve complex Integro-Differential equationsCheck out more IIT JEE Integrals: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzzqBYg7CbNqi-np1YDPBAg...Second-order Volterra integro-differential equation is solved by the linear barycentric rational collocation method. Following the barycentric interpolation method of Lagrange polynomial and Chebyshev polynomial, the matrix form of the collocation method is obtained from the discrete Volterra integro-differential equation. With the help of the …Volterra-Fredholm integral and integro-differential equations which is a simple and powerful method for solving a wide class of nonlinear problems [24]. The Taylor polynomial solution of integro-differential equations has been studied in [28]. The use of Lagrange interpolation in solving integro-differential equations was investigated by ...differential equation solver. Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals.Solve the following integro-differential equation by Laplace transform. Ask Question Asked 4 years ago. Modified 4 years ago. Viewed 2k times 1 $\begingroup$ guys, I can solve this by using the convolution theorem however when it comes to Laplace I'm stuck somehow. Can someone help me ...Use Math24.pro for solving differential equations of any type here and now. Our examples of problem solving will help you understand how to enter data and get the correct answer. An additional service with step-by-step solutions of differential equations is available at your service. Free ordinary differential equations (ODE) calculator - solve ordinary differential equations (ODE) step-by-stepBy means of the recent $$\\psi $$ ψ -Hilfer fractional derivative and of the Banach fixed-point theorem, we investigate stabilities of Ulam–Hyers, Ulam–Hyers–Rassias and semi-Ulam–Hyers–Rassias on closed intervals [a, b] and $$[a,\\infty )$$ [ a , ∞ ) for a particular class of fractional integro-differential equations.J. Fract Calc., 18 (2000), pp. 81-86. Google Scholar [16] ... Legendre wavelets method for the numerical solution of fractional integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernel. Appl. Math. Model., 40 (2016), pp. 3422-3437. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google ScholarUse Math24.pro for solving differential equations of any type here and now. Our examples of problem solving will help you understand how to enter data and get the correct answer. An additional service with step-by-step solutions of differential equations is available at your service. Free ordinary differential equations (ODE) calculator - solve ordinary differential equations (ODE) step-by-stepFree IVP using Laplace ODE Calculator - solve ODE IVP's with Laplace Transforms step by step ... Advanced Math Solutions – Ordinary Differential Equations CalculatorIn the realm of scientific research, accurate calculations are essential for ensuring reliable results. Whether you are an astrophysicist working on complex equations or a chemist ...Jun 22, 2017 · The solution detailed below is : With F(s) = F ( s) = Laplace transform of f(x) f ( x). Φ(s, t) =e−λt s F(s) Φ ( s, t) = e − λ t s F ( s) u(x, t) = Inverse Laplace Transform of Φ(s, t) u ( x, t) = Inverse Laplace Transform of Φ ( s, t) The result cannot be expressed more explicitly until the function f(x) f ( x) be explicitly given. differential equation solver. Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals.As it is known, the sinc basis functions are not differentiable at zero, so we modified the basis functions into a non-classical basis which is differentiable with zero derivative at the initial point. The properties of sinc-collocation are used to reduce the system of integro-differential equations into a system of algebraic equations.This integro-differential equation can be derived starting from the time harmonic electric field given by the magnetic potential and the electric scalar potential φ, i.e., (4.8) The vector and magnetic potentials are coupled through the previously defined Lorentz gauge: (4.9) 1. Analog simulator of integro-differential equations with classical memristors. G. Alvarado Barrios, J. C. Retamal, E. Solano, and M. Sanz. Abstract—An analog computer makes use of continuously changeable quantities of a system, such as its electrical, mechani- cal, or hydraulic properties, to solve a given problem. Equations Inequalities Scientific Calculator Scientific Notation Arithmetics Complex Numbers Polar/Cartesian Simultaneous Equations System of Inequalities Polynomials Rationales Functions Arithmetic & Comp. Coordinate Geometry Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Conic Sections TrigonometryWe investigate an integro-differential equation for a disease spread by the dispersal of infectious individuals and compare this to Mollison's [Adv. Appl. Probab. 4 (1972) 233; D. Mollison, The rate of spatial propagation of simple epidemics, in: Proc. 6th Berkeley Symp. on Math. Statist. and Prob., …Objectives In this paper, a uniformly convergent numerical scheme is proposed for solving a singularly perturbed Fredholm integro-differential equation with an integral initial condition. The equation involves a left boundary layer which makes it difficult to solve it using the standard numerical methods. A fitted operator finite difference …We extend the classical Bernstein technique to the setting of integro-differential operators. As a consequence, we provide first and one-sided second derivative estimates for solutions to fractional equations, including some convex fully nonlinear equations of order smaller than two—for which we prove uniform estimates as their order approaches two. Our method is robust enough to be applied ...Solve the given integral equation or integro-differential equation for y(t). t y'(t)+3y(t)-9 y(v) sin (3(t-v)) dv = -6 sin 3t, y(0) = 2 -9 fy(v) sin (3(t- 0 y(t) = ….. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts.Traditionally, companies have relied upon data masking, sometimes called de-identification, to protect data privacy. The basic idea is to remove all personally identifiable informa...Example 1 (Integro-Differential Equation) Solve the equation for the response i ( t ), given that. \displaystyle\frac { { {d} {i}}} { { {\left. {d} {t}\right.}}}+ {2} {i}+ {5} {\int_ { {0}}^ { {t}}} {i}\ …Solve an Integro-Differential Equation. Solve the Tautochrone Problem. Solve an Initial Value Problem Using a Green's Function.In this work we study the numerical solution to the Volterra integro-differential algebraic equation. Two numerical examples based on the Legendre collocation scheme are designed. It follows from the convergence proof and numerical experiments that the errors of the approximate solution and the errors of the …Any Fredholm integro-differential equation is characterized by the existence of one or more of the derivatives u′, (x), u″ (x), outside the integral sign. The Fredholm integro … Solve an Integro-Differential Equation. Solve the Tautochrone Problem. Solve an Initial Value Problem Using a Green's Function. Solution of an integro-differential equation arising in oscillating magnetic fields using He’s homotopy perturbation method. Prog. Electromagnetics Res. PIER, 78 ... Approximate calculation of eigenvalues with the method of weighted residuals–collocation method. Appl. Math. Comput., 160 (2005), pp. 401-410.Simple Quantum Integro-Differential Solver (SQuIDS) is a C++ code designed to solve semi-analytically the evolution of a set of density matrices and scalar functions. This is done efficiently by expressing all operators in an SU (N) basis. SQuIDS provides a base class from which users can derive new classes to include new non-trivial terms from ...Advanced Math Solutions – Ordinary Differential Equations Calculator, Exact Differential Equations. In the previous posts, we have covered three types of ordinary differential equations, (ODE). We have now reached... Enter a problem. Cooking Calculators. particular solution u(x) of equation (6.1). Any Fredholm integro-diﬀerential equation is characterized by the existence of one or more of the derivatives u (x), u (x),...outside the integral sign. The Fredholm integro-diﬀerential equations of the second kind appearin a varietyof scientiﬁc applications such Tutorial: How to solve complex Integro-Differential equationsCheck out more IIT JEE Integrals: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzzqBYg7CbNqi-np1YDPBAg...1. Analog simulator of integro-differential equations with classical memristors. G. Alvarado Barrios, J. C. Retamal, E. Solano, and M. Sanz. Abstract—An analog computer makes use of continuously changeable quantities of a system, such as its electrical, mechani- cal, or hydraulic properties, to solve a given problem.solving differential equations with laplace transform. Have a question about using Wolfram|Alpha? Contact Pro Premium Expert Support ». Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history, geography, engineering, mathematics ...It can handle a wide range of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as well as some partial differential equations (PDEs). In a system of ordinary differential equations there can be any number of unknown functions u_i, but all of these functions must depend on a single "independent variable" t, which is the same for each function.IDESolver: a general purpose integro-differential equation solver. Python Submitted 15 January 2018 • Published 31 January 2018.Fairweather, G.: Spline collocation methods for a class of hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 31, 444–460 (1994) Article MathSciNet Google Scholar López-Marcos, J.: A difference scheme for a nonlinear partial integro-differential equation. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 27, 20–31 (1990)Electric Analog Computer. To simulate a linear ordinary differential equation, the analog computer only requires the following operations: (i) summation, (ii) sign inversion, (iii) integration and ...a second-order finite difference scheme which approximates the solution of the first order integro-differential equation with E-K operator Ia,b,c, namely. y. = f (x, y, Ia,b,cy). (1) The objective for future work will be to extend these results to the self-similar nonlinear time-fractional diffusion.Physically it describes diffusion in a cylinder. A necessary condition can be obtained by differentiating the equation with respect to u. The resulting equation for q = D[p,u] is solved by Mathematica exactly in terms of Bessel functions. Derivation. The integral differential equation in Mathematica terms is (pap is pa'(t))differential equation solver. Have a question about using Wolfram|Alpha? Contact Pro Premium Expert Support ». Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history, geography, engineering, mathematics, linguistics, sports, finance ...More than just an online integral solver. Wolfram|Alpha is a great tool for calculating antiderivatives and definite integrals, double and triple integrals, and improper integrals. The Wolfram|Alpha Integral Calculator also shows plots, alternate forms and other relevant information to enhance your mathematical intuition.

approach, an NN serves as a solver that takes the spatial-temporal coordinate x,t as the input and outputs the approximate solutions to the differential equation. The whole network is trained using the loss function that is defined in terms of the underlying differential equation. More recent members within the PINN family include sparse. Jeff's appliance shelton

integro differential equation calculator

Nov 1, 2008 · The solution of integral and integro-differential equations have a major role in the fields of science and engineering. When a physical system is modeled under the differential sense; it finally gives a differential equation, an integral equation or an integro-differential equation. How to deal with an integro-differential equation of this form - fixed points? 1. Solving a volterra integro-differential equation. 7.Solution of the nonlinear fractional integro-differential equation. Consider the nonlinear Fredholm fractional integro-differential equation of the second kind given by Eq. (1). If we approximate the function g(x) with the second kind Chebyshev wavelet, it can be writen as (32) g (x) ≈ G T Ψ (x). Let (33) D α f (x) ≈ C T Ψ (x).Free equations calculator - solve linear, quadratic, polynomial, radical, exponential and logarithmic equations with all the steps. ... Derivatives Derivative Applications Limits Integrals Integral Applications Integral Approximation Series ODE Multivariable Calculus Laplace Transform Taylor/Maclaurin Series Fourier Series Fourier Transform.Solution of the nonlinear fractional integro-differential equation. Consider the nonlinear Fredholm fractional integro-differential equation of the second kind given by Eq. (1). If we approximate the function g(x) with the second kind Chebyshev wavelet, it can be writen as (32) g (x) ≈ G T Ψ (x). Let (33) D α f (x) ≈ C T Ψ (x).The goal of this paper is to contribute a firm and outstanding program to nonlinear fractional Volterra integro-differential equations with the initial value problem on the basis of the reproducing kernel method (RKM). To a certain extent, the difficulty of preserving memory of fractional differential operators is reduced. At the beginning, the model can be converted to the equivalent ...Use Math24.pro for solving differential equations of any type here and now. Our examples of problem solving will help you understand how to enter data and get the correct answer. An additional service with step-by-step solutions of differential equations is available at your service. Free ordinary differential equations (ODE) calculator - solve ordinary …Jun 22, 2017 · The solution detailed below is : With F(s) = F ( s) = Laplace transform of f(x) f ( x). Φ(s, t) =e−λt s F(s) Φ ( s, t) = e − λ t s F ( s) u(x, t) = Inverse Laplace Transform of Φ(s, t) u ( x, t) = Inverse Laplace Transform of Φ ( s, t) The result cannot be expressed more explicitly until the function f(x) f ( x) be explicitly given. This concept can be used not only to calculate bankruptcy in its entirety, but also can be used to predict the loss of an insurance program at a certain time. The value of the probability function of bankruptcy risk is determined by using a mathematical model developed based on the concept of integro-differential equations, which is used as a …In today’s digital age, our smartphones have become an essential tool for various tasks, including calculations. Whether you’re a student solving complex equations or a professiona...Go! \int1dy. \int\sin\left (5x\right)dx sin(5x) Differential Equations Calculator online with solution and steps. Detailed step by step solutions to your Differential Equations …For an integro-differential equation of the convolution type defined on the half-line [0, ∞) with a power nonlinearity and variable coefficient, we use the weight metrics method to prove a global theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the cone of nonnegative functions in the space C[0, ∞).It is shown that the solution can be found …Solving Differential Equations online. This online calculator allows you to solve differential equations online. Enough in the box to type in your equation, denoting an apostrophe ' derivative of the function and press "Solve the equation". And the system is implemented on the basis of the popular site WolframAlpha will give a detailed solution ...Solve an Integro-Differential Equation. Solve the Tautochrone Problem. Solve an Initial Value Problem Using a Green's Function.In this paper, we extend fractional-order derivative for the shifted Vieta-Lucas polynomial to generalized-fractional integro-differential equations involving non-local boundary conditions using ...Momani, S.: Local and global existence theorems on fractional integro-differential equations. J. Fract. Calc. 18, 81–86 (2000) MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Momani, S., Jameel, A., Al-Azawi, S.: Local and global uniqueness theorems on fractional integro-differential equations via biharis and gronwalls inequalities.We consider nonlinear integro-differential equations like the ones that arise from stochastic control problems with purely jump Lévy processes. We obtain a nonlocal version of the ABP estimate, Harnack inequality, and interior C 1, α regularity for general fully nonlinear integro-differential equations.Jun 28, 2022 · Neural Integro-Differential Equations. Modeling continuous dynamical systems from discretely sampled observations is a fundamental problem in data science. Often, such dynamics are the result of non-local processes that present an integral over time. As such, these systems are modeled with Integro-Differential Equations (IDEs); generalizations ... Solve the following integro-differential equation by Laplace transform. Ask Question Asked 4 years ago. Modified 4 years ago. Viewed 2k times 1 $\begingroup$ guys, I can solve this by using the convolution theorem however when it comes to Laplace I'm stuck somehow. Can someone help me ...$\begingroup$ The Volterra integral question is not about an integro-differential equation, and the validate question is about an integro-differential equation that can be easily converted into an ODE. I think this question should be reopened because it is different from both of the referenced question/answers. In particular, I don't think it's ….

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