Guided reading activity 3-2 - Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Why did Americans believe that they had the right to claim Texas?, What name was given to the first American families, carefully recruited by Stephen F. Austin, to settle in Texas?, What demands did Austin present to the Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna in their 1833 …

 
It has rich soils, waterways, and a milder climate than that of eastern Russia, also known as Siberia. What trend describes Russia's population today, and what are the reasons for that trend? The population is falling. Birthrates are very low and death rates are very high among males. Women are averaging 1.8 kids.. Person county news roxboro nc

Discover a collection of guided reading activities for Year 3-4 students. These resources are designed to support students in small group learning settings by helping them reach their learning goals. You'll find informative PowerPoints, colourful display items and a huge supply of worksheets and activities.Real gross domestic product (GDP) increased at an annual rate of 1.6 percent in the first quarter of 2024 (table 1), according to the "advance" estimate …A. Main Idea: The Constitution is a flexible, enduring document in part because of the amendment process. 1. Detail: Amendments may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of the House and Senate or by two-thirds of the states asking Congress to call a convention. Explanation: This means that changes or additions to the Constitution can be initiated ...Through his writings and political activity, he became a symbol for Cuba's bid for independence against Spain in the 19th century. ... U.S. History Chapter 15 Lesson 1 Guided Reading The Roots of Progressivism. 13 terms. ticklemepritty. Preview. Chapter 14, Lesson 2: The Spanish-American War. 11 terms. pmsk35.Guided Reading Activity cont. Foundations of Government. IV. Principles of Democracy. A democracy depends on citizen participation in , which are regular, free, and fair, involve more than one party, and lead to a peaceful transfer of power. In a democracy, no one is above the law and the rights of the. protected even though the majority rules.First, this rotation of 8 stations was carefully thought out. I have purposely put groups into rotations that make sense. If you use this resource, you will be able to hit all of your guided reading groups at least 3 times a week. You will work with your lowest group 5 times a week. The second-lowest group will see you 4 times a week.Three main issues studied by developmental psychologists. - continuity vs. discontinuity. - stability vs. change. - nature vs. nurture. Describe the changes that happen when an embryo becomes a fetus. - fetus is about 3 inches long and looks like a very tiny adult. - organs develop and the fetus grows in size.How to use these KS1 guided reading activity cards. These guided reading activities for Year 2 students offer a wide range of activities to accompany all of your KS1 guided reading sessions. This resource contains 26 KS1 guided reading activities cards to encourage your children to think about the texts they are reading.Assess a Longaberger basket’s value using a service like Replacements.com or eBay. Basket values vary by age, availability, features and condition, with some selling in 2016 for le...Developing reading for deeper meaning in the classroom for all pupils (Year 2 and Year 6). This resource supports teachers how to set up guided reading in their classrooms. Using P 4 C to develop deeper, critical thinking. Using point, evidence and explain to promote deeper level and detailed answers from children. Sequencing and …GUIDED READING ACTIVITIES & STRATEGIES. 1. Prediction. 2. Clarification and Questioning. 3. Summarizing READING. VIDEO TUTORIALS on teaching guided reading. OTHER GREAT GUIDED READING ACTIVITIES. Guided Reading in the Classroom: Strategies for Success. Few skills can benefit a child more throughout their life than the ability to read.Daily life can be stressful. It’s easy to get overwhelmed between work, school, family and everything else you have going on. If you’re looking for a healthy way to slow down, medi...World Geography The Russian Core Ch 14 lesson 2 guided reading activity. 7 terms. RH3308. Preview. Days of the Week - Kanji Stroke Order. Teacher 8 terms. andersor4. Preview. Chapter 16 Review Questions. 20 terms. reese1068. Preview. Terms in this set (5) nuclear wastes. the by-products of producing nuclear power and weapons.Guided Reading Activities. Chapter Content: The Scientific Study of Life. ... Answer : 1) Order 2) Metabolism 3) Homeostasis or Regulation. Chapter Content: Major Themes in Biology. Complete the following questions as you read the first chapter content—Major Themes in Biology: 13) Pearl Harbor. The United States now joined with European nations and __14__ in a combined effort to defeat Japan. 14) Nationalist China. __15__ declared war on the United Stated four days after Pearl Harbor. 15) Hitler. At the beginning of 1943, the Allies--Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union-- agreed to fight ... This fantastic guided reading activity pack is perfect for children in Years 3 to 6. Each page contains two different questions for you to use in a guided reading activity. You could ask the questions or give your child the resource for them to ask themselves. These questions are brilliant for supporting children in their reading …Guided Reading Activity 10-2. 44 terms. anna_chiang4. Preview. History test : April . 23 terms. sienna_rollins. Preview. 19.5 and 19.6 vocab. 18 terms. dennismason8. Preview. Confirmation and the Eucharist Test (test 2) 23 terms. Elisa-135. Preview. 10.3 Guided Reading Activity - The Culture of the High Middle Ages. 15 terms.There are also many more worksheets and activities to choose from in this guided reading activities resource Year 2 resource pack. You'll be spoilt for choice! The activities and worksheets have pages for different ability levels. Some resources included are: A story map to help kids analyse the different narrative structures. The early bird catches the word! Poster, A5 sheet and pack. There ...4.9. (18.3k) $12.50. PDF. This Guided Reading resource is packed full of guided reading activities and lessons for your small group instruction! Just add books! This resource contains everything you need to conduct successful, engaging guided reading group lessons. NOTE: This resource underwent a HUGE revision on May 6, 2021, and it doubled in ...1) Oxygen, 2) Carbon, 3) Hydrogen, 4) Nitrogen. 5. Students tend to think that, because trace elements are required in tiny quantities, trace elements are not important. List two trace elements that the human body requires and briefly explain why each of those two trace elements is important.Guided Reading: Diary of a Killer Cat. Subject: English. Age range: 7-11. Resource type: Lesson (complete) File previews. zip, 2.58 MB. I'm the English Coordinator at a small little school and I took on the task last year of developing a guided reading programme for KS2 as I noticed this was missing from the school. I have included:Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. imagined, 2. generalized, 3. real and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Warren Harding appointed several distinguished people to his cabinet, such as____\\ as secretary of state., Harding gave appointments to ___________ and __________from Ohio, which led to corruption and numerous scandals., The most famous scandal, the ____ Scandal, concerned bribes for leasing navy oil reserves in Wyoming and ...Enhance reading skills with guided reading techniques. Discover levels, activities, and charts for successful classroom and virtual sessions. Ideal for educators.Guided reading is a practice which promotes opportunities for the development of a self-extending system. When readers are guided to talk, think and read their way through a …toni715. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Who were the Separatists?, What was one reason the Separatists found it hard to live in Holland?, Using John Smith's "Map of England," where did the Pilgrims finally land? and more.The Twits Reading Comprehension. Subject: English. Age range: 7-11. Resource type: Worksheet/Activity. File previews. zip, 2.8 MB. With the opening extract included, this comprehension resource includes questions and answers for this popular text by Roald Dahl. Suitable for children working towards/at the expected standard in Y3/4, the ...The United States has what kind of economic system? Capitalist or Free enterprise. What are the national goals for the American economic system? Freedom, Efficiency, Equality, Security, Stability, and Growth. What is the goal of economic freedom? To allow each member of the society to make choices. What risk is involved in having economic ...natural resources or gifts of nature not created by human effort; one of the four factors of production. tools, equipment, and factories used in the production of goods and services; one of the four factors of production. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like factors of production, land, capital and more.Guided Reading Activity 3-1: Structure and Principles Directions: Use the information in your textbook to complete the outline. List the goals of as stated in the Preamble and give a brief summary of each of the seven articles.Louis XVI was in pursuit of power through war and his control of policies. Fredrick Williams establishment of large army and the general commissariat. The Hapsburg created the Austrian empire of independently ruled territories. Peter the great wanted westernization, modernization and a strong military. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Roosevelt believed in the efficieny, Roosevelt believed in the efficiency of trusts unless the created ________., Roosevelt intervened in the ___________ of 1902 to protect the country from a shortage that would have closed factories and left homes unheated. and more.Guided Reading is a complex approach and teachers are essential in the development and execution of a Balanced Literacy program. A critical component of the Reading Workshop is text selection; it must be purposeful and have the needs of the learners in mind. According to Fountas and Pinnell, [6] as a teacher reads "a text in preparation for ...In today’s fast-paced world, finding moments of peace and relaxation can be challenging. This is where guided meditation comes in. Guided meditation is a practice that involves lis...Chapter 19 - International investing. 45 terms. Chelsea_Heath7. Preview. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what are five key characteristics of the free enterprise system, what are two things consumers can do to express their wishes, what are three ways the constitution protects economic freedom and more.Prodigy English is a guided reading activity designed to support students' decoding and word work skills. This online game can be set up to teach a specific skill by selecting a high-frequency word or word family, and then creating a game or challenge that incorporates that word.Guided Reading Activity Answer Key A. Main Idea 1. representative, three 2. Virginia 3. New Jersey 4. population, equal 5. Electoral College B. Main Idea 1. representation, taxation 2. interstate C. Main Idea 1. Federalists, Anti-Federalists 2. ratified 3. Federalist Papers 4. Bill of Rights Summary and ReflectionGuided Reading Activity. The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920. Lesson 1 The Roots of Progressivism. Review Questions: Using Headings and Subheadings. Directions: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct heading and subheading to help you write each answer. I. The Rise of Progressivism.Title: Guided Reading Activities Author: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Subject: United States Government: Democracy in Action Created Date: 9/7/2015 6:28:58 PMwhat's were two highly respected who were then fredrilestes. George Washington Benjamin Franklin. what did the insight federalists fear the genetic central government. small educated groop. what was the strongest criticism against the new Constitution. lack of Bill of Rights. what to states were important to the federal new government.Principles of Government DIRECTIONS Use the information in your textbook to name the essential features of a state and to write a short description of each feature. ★DIRECTIONS Use the information in your textbook to complete the diagram. Purposes Positive Effects Name Date Class Guided Reading Activities 12.5 million women went to work in the shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing plants. What was Executive Order 8802? President Roosevelt declared, "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, color, creed, or national origin."Guided Reading Activity. netw rks. The Age of Exploration. Lesson 2 The First Global Economic Systems. Review Questions. Directions: Read the lesson and complete the outline below. Refer to your textbook to fill. in the blanks. I. …Why the 3 Day Plan Works for Second Grade Guided Reading. A three-day lesson guided reading lesson plan comes in handy, especially in second grade. Texts in levels K, L, and M start to get longer and more complex. If you implement a 3 day guided reading lesson plan, you’ll have more time to let students read the text.An example lesson. In case it’s of interest, below is an account (with IWB slides) of a demonstration whole-class reading lesson which I recently taught to a Year 5 class. Lasting about 75 minutes, it really had enough activity for two or three sessions compressed into it.These resource booklets contain a wide range of age-appropriate, engaging, and meaningful comprehension activities for use in guided reading sessions. They are perfect for aiding the progress of children towards meeting the Year 3 and Year 4 expectations within the new National Curriculum framework. Children love learning from …23.3 Guided Reading Activity. 5.0 (11 reviews) Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; Q-Chat; Flashcards; ... 2.2 The Mongol Empire and the Modern World. 21 terms. shightow0900. …History Guided Reading Activity 3-3. 16 terms. Dollbaby2004. Primer Skills Review. 13 terms. linda_westmoreland7 Teacher. ... 2.3 Guided Reading. 17 terms. toni715. History - Ch. 3 Vocab. 25 terms. milan_dao. US History Chapter 4-1. 17 terms. atd216. Other sets by this creator. PKXVI - NSW (warfare craft)Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Hitler stunned Europe with the __1__ and __2__ of his attack on Poland., His __3__ or "lightning war," used panzer divisions supported by airplanes., Within four weeks, Poland had __4__. and more. ... Guided Reading Activity 26-3. 21 terms. reesewaites. Preview. history. 32 terms ...a person who satisfies a want or a need by buying a good or a service. consumer. a person or business who used resources to make goods or provide services. producer. a gift of nature, part of the natural environment such as water, trees, or minerals. natural resource. the people who produce the goods and services.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like For the most part, the period of the Arab empire was (1)_____. trade was carried both by ship in by (2)_____ caravans, which travel from Morocco in the far west to the countries beyond the Caspian Sea. The development of (3)_____ and the use of (4)_____ made it easier to exchange …Guided Reading Activity. The The Byzantine Byzantine Empire Empire and and Emerging Emerging Europe Europe. Lesson 3 The Early Christian Church. Review Questions. Directions: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct heading and subheading to help you write each answer. I. Organization of the Church.The Constitution-Lesson 2 (Three Branches of Government) What are the three branches of government? Click the card to flip 👆. Executive Branch, Legislative Branch, and Judicial Branch. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 21.Explain how the entrepreneur, consumer, and government interact in our economy. Answer should include: The entrepreneur establishes businesses but is held accountable to government regulations and consumer demand. The consumer is responsible for determining the products in the marketplace by her purchase decisions.Estudia con Quizlet y memoriza fichas que contengan términos como Trench warfare consisted of, What happened to the war on the Western Front as a result of trench warfare?, Why was "no-man's-land" so dangerous? y muchos más.MGallagherNRMS. Teacher. kplatt777. mesunga24. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which City became the capital of the Middle Kingdom?, What two lands have been captured by Egypt during the Middle Kingdom?, In the peaceful period of the Middle Kingdom, what three areas of culture thrived? and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Farmers, whisky, Whisky rebellion, President George Washington, British, Spanish and more.NAME DATE CLASS Guided Reading Activity Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages Lesson 2 The Crusades Review Questions Directions: Read each main idea. Use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea. A. Main Idea: The early Crusades started when Byzantine rulers enlisted the help of European powers to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.Guided Reading Activity: Radical Revolution and Reaction Author: imac018 Created Date: 3/2/2012 3:41:31 PM ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Roosevelt believed in the efficieny, Roosevelt believed in the efficiency of trusts unless the created ________., Roosevelt intervened in the ___________ of 1902 to protect the country from a shortage that would have closed factories and left homes unheated. and more. Grade s 3 - 6. Free Plan. Science of Reading Decoding Strategy Bookmarks and Poster. Help students succeed in reading fluency with this free printable bookmark and poster set of strategies for decoding unknown words. PDF. Grade s K - 2. Free Plan. S.W.B.S.T. Summarizing Graphic Organizer. Sight Words. One of the key guided reading pre-reading activities is sight word practice. We will review previously taught sight words that might appear in the text and introduce new sight words they will find in the text. There are several great ways to practice sight words that are both teacher-friendly and engaging for kids:Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Detail: The British colonies in North America each had _____ that tended to act independtly., After the Seven Years' War, Britain imposed the _____ and other taxes in an effort to cover its expenses., Fighting between colonists and the British army began in April _____ . and more.It is important to read instructional guides provided by manufacturers in order to understand how to best use product features. Manufacturer instructions contain specific details a...Guided Reading Activity 2-3. Henry P Becton Reg H S. ECONOMICS 104. homework. Guided Reading Activity 2-2. Henry P Becton Reg H S. ECONOMICS 104. homework. Guided Reading Activity 2-1. Henry P Becton Reg H S. ECONOMICS 104. homework. chapter 2 section 1. Henry P Becton Reg H S. ECONOMICS 104. test prep. View More.Guided reading Activity 23-2 : World War I. 18 terms. Shannon_Harris1032. Preview. Dowsett Unit 3 & 4 Big Ideas + Geography Unit 3: Land Based Empires - Map of the Early Modern World 1450-1750 CE. 49 terms. junxin_chen1. Preview. AP World Chapter 21: Northern Eurasia. 1500-1800. 15 terms.Guided Reading is the grouping of students that are reading and comprehending texts at a similar level. The guided reading process is instructional and involves a teacher working, assessing and supporting each groups reading and comprehension strategies. This collection of teaching resources, activities, classroom posters and blog articles ...By 1914, which two African countries remained as non-colonized free states? Liberia and Ethiopia. Explain the "gap" between theory and practice in colonial policy. Westerns has exalted democracy, equality, and political freedom but did not apply these values in the colonies. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What was the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers able to sustain an early civilization?, What were the Sumerians the first to do?, Describe the dimensions of the Sumerian city of Uruk. and more.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like By 1800 the _____ was second only to Great Britain in the number of merchant ships trading around the world., When Thomas Jefferson refused to pay more money for protection of American ships in the Mediterranean, the ruler of _____ chopped down the flagpole of the American consulate., In 1804 _____ slipped into Tripoli Harbor and ...7 terms. claire_925. Preview. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Why did Abraham Lincoln hesitate to move against slavery?, How did Northerners' attitudes toward slavery change as the war went on?, Why did Lincoln wait to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? and more.-Setting up Student Guided Reading Notebooks-Setting up your Teacher Binder. 2. Materials-What you need in your Guided Reading Toolkit-Reading Strategy Posters to teach decoding-Reading Skill Posters to teach ALL of the primary reading skills 3. Student Activity Binder-A TON of activities to support your students at each specific level, F-J.View Homework Help - Guided Reading Activity 2-3 from ECONOMICS 104 at Henry P Becton Reg H S. 113-3331 .5 F.- u 1" -I'.'i" For use with image pages 46—49 fins 6051.5 011' THE NATION ' m Directions:Guided Reading Activity Answer Key A. Main Idea 1. standing, select 2. changes, new 3. subpoena, perjury, contempt 4. constitutional rights, immunity B. Main Idea 1. checks and balances 2. Legislative oversight 3. support agencies, budget 4. legislative veto, special prosecutor Summary and Reflectionfree nation. Alexander Dubcek in Czechoslovakia hoped to create. socialism with a human face. The Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968 and crushed the. reform. By 1950___output in Europe was 30 percent above prewar levels. industrial. Western Europe had virtually full___ during the 1950's and 1960. employment.Elevated Supreme Court's Status. Judicial review. This gives Congress the right to make all laws "necessary and proper". Elastic clauses. Article II of the Constitution is important because it. Describes the executive branch. Sam and Geeta Dardick changed government policy in the passage of this bill. Americans with Disabilities.Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Guided Reading ActivityAnswer Key Conflict and Absolutism in Europe A. 1. Tudor, Stuart A. 2. Petition of Right, ignored A. 3.Guided Reading Activity Answer Key Voting and Elections Review Questions A. Main Idea 1. campaign manager 2. media, polls 3. field workers 4. Advertising, propaganda 5. television 6. Social media B. Main Idea 1. speech, First 2. corruption 3. Federal Election Commission 4. limit, spend 5. hard money, FECA 6. soft money, independent ...To discover and use lots more exciting guided reading resources, create your own Twinkl account here. These guided reading activities for Year 2 students offer a wide range of activities to accompany all of your KS1 guided reading sessions. This resource contains 26 KS1 guided reading activities cards to encourage your children to think about ...History Chapter 30 World War II and the Holocaust / Guided reading activity. 34 terms. Kaimontenegro. Preview. Ch. 30.2 Guided Notes. 9 terms. adrinnon21. Preview. Japanese Invasion of Manchuria. 7 terms. Hope8568. Preview. Nazi Germany . 13 terms. ... modern history unit 3. 71 terms. sabinecdo. Preview. Psychology Unit Three Topic One. 12 ...Guided Reading Activity: The Emergence of Mass Society Author: imac018 Created Date: 3/2/2012 3:47:11 PM ...Oct 23, 2016 · 1. The 7 things guided reading is. 2. The 7 things guided reading is not. 3. The key steps in planning guided reading lessons. 4. The 6 steps in an effective, best practice guided reading lesson. 5. Tips for managing groups. 6. My BEST Guided Reading hacks. 7. Proven resources that support best practices in guided reading. Principles of Government DIRECTIONS Use the information in your textbook to name the essential features of a state and to write a short description of each feature. …created the arab war. independent israel is created: effects. tension between israel and arab states. the 1967 six day war begins: causes. sadat offers peace to israel. sadat and begin sign the camp david accords: causes. egypt recognized israel as an independent nation. sadat and begin sign the camp david accords: effects.

Market Structures. Guided Reading Activity. Lesson 3 The Role of Government. Review Questions. Directions: Read each main idea and complete the statements below. Refer to your textbook as you write the answers. A. Ensuring Competition Main Idea: The government has some important actions it can take to guarantee competition in the economy.. Derry nh tool liquidation center

guided reading activity 3-2

Name: Michelle Martinez Class: 3 Date: 09/18/20 The Age of Exploration: Guided Reading: Colonial Latin America Guided Reading Activity The Age of Exploration Lesson 3 Colonial Latin America Review Questions DIRECTIONS: Read each main idea. Use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea. (When answering online, separate multiple answers with a comma and one space.)in Guided Reading's seven chapters: 1. Guided Reading Essentials 2. The Pre-A Reader 3. The Emergent Reader 4. The Early Reader 5. The Transitional Reader 6. The Fluent Reader 7. Moving Forward With Comprehension Instruction Each session is designed to be conducted over a two- to three-week period.3-3 ★ Guided Reading Activity 3-3 DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the words in the box. Some words may be used more than once. Use another ... (2) . The main settlement of the colony of New Netherland was (3) . This settlement was located on (4) , which was bought from ...1. Guided Reading Binder to Organize Activities and Lessons. The first step of getting ready for guided reading activities and lessons is to get everything you’ll need organized. You’ll want section dividers to help keep everything inside of your binder in the right spot.Grade s 3 - 6. Plus Plan. Before, During, and After Reading Nonfiction – Question Prompts. Question prompts and a worksheet to use when asking questions before, during, and after reading. PDF. Grade s 3 - 6. Free Plan. Decoding Strategy Poster Pack.4.9 (94 reviews) LKS2 Spring Differentiated Reading Comprehension. 4.4 (5 reviews) Gangsta Granny: 60-Second Reads Activity Pack Ages 7-9. 4.9 (133 reviews) LKS2 Treasure Island Differentiated Reading Comprehension Activity. 4.9 (17 reviews) Diary of a Wimpy Kid: 60-Second Reads Activity Pack [Ages 7-11]2. the flying , a heavy, outside, arched support of stone. C. Gothic cathedral walls were filled with magnificent windows. II. The as we know it today was a product of the Middle Ages. ... Guided Reading Activity 10-3 SECTION 10-3 165-202 CH10 878223 6/15/07 6:57 PM Page 200. Title: Unit 2 Resources Author: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Subject:the pages from the Guided Reading Workbook that accompany that section. All of the heads in the Guided Reading Workbook match the heads in the textbook. • Use the Guided Reading Workbook to help you read and organize the information in the textbook. 2. Use the Guided Reading Workbook to study the material that will appear in the chapter tests.civics ch 9 lesson 2 guided reading. 10 terms. bella_street4. Preview. civics ch 9 lesson 4 guided reading. 12 terms. bella_street4. Preview. College Government Final. 120 terms. brennakohlmeier. ... the president directs the activities of the thousands of the executive branch employees who enforce the laws. In many countries, different people ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Schema, Assimilation, Object Permanence and more. Lesson 2 Our Economic Choices. Review Questions. Directions: Read each main idea. Then complete the statements or answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook as you write the answers. A. The Choices Producers Make Main Idea: All producers use the factors of production—land, capital, labor, and entrepreneurs—to produce goods and services..

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